Teoria:
Pluskvamperfekti – Past Perfect
Pluskvamperfektiä käytetään ilmaisemaan toimintaa, joka on alkanut ja päättynyt menneisyydessä.
Pluskvamperfekti muodostetaan apuverbistä had ja pääverbin kolmannesta muodosta.
Säännöllisen verbin kolmas muoto saadaan lisäämällä pääte -ed: work – worked.
Epäsäännöllisen verbin kolmas muoto on opeteltava ulkoa: go – went – gone.
She had worked for an hour.
They had gone to school.
Pluskvamperfektin avulla voidaan kertoa tapahtumasta, joka oli tapahtunut ennen toista menneisyyteen sijoittuvaa tapahtumaa.
When I visited him, he had studied for two hours.
Study the information how to form the past perfect.
| Affirmative | subject + had + past participle | You had decided what to do by 5 o'clock yesterday. |  |
| Negative | subject + had + not + past participle | You had not decided what to do by 4 o'clock yesterday. |  |
| Interrogative | had + subject + past participle | Had you decided what to do by 6 o'clock? |  |
Past participle
Irregular verbs | You have to know all the forms of the irregular verbs very well. For the past perfect you need the form of the verb which can be found in the 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs | go – went – gone |
| Regular verbs | add -ed | work – worked |
Sometimes there are exceptions in spelling when adding -ed:
| Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word | double the consonant: | stop – stopped swap – swapped |
| In British English | double one -l at the end of the word: | travel – travelled |
| One -e at the end of the word | leave out the -e; add -d: | love – loved save – saved |
Verbs ending in -y | verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u); add -ed: | play – played |
| change 'y' to 'i' after a consonant; then add -ed: | worry – worried |
